Can I temporarily work in my company's office in the Schengen area on a type C Schengen visa working in the UK on a Tier 2 visa?

Other answers give you the technical details about what visa you need to work in Germany, but since your write "as an employee I may be allowed to work there for a week or two for the experience, and to get to know the team there" let me explain how this normally happens.

The definition of "work" for visa purposes may be different from the common one. Things you are allowed to do on a normal business visa include:

• Learning how colleagues in other countries do things
• Consulting with colleagues in other countries about how you might do things better
• Planning for work you might be doing
• Reviewing work you have done
• Having meetings to discuss past or future work, including getting to know colleagues in other countries

You might think of these as "work" , but Schengen and other countries normal consider work to be only "productive work". For example, if you were a software developer then time spent discussing architecture or reviewing customer feedback doesn't count as work. And there are some grey areas - for example if you need to test whether a particular architecture is feasible, you might write some code to test it. And it's far from unknown for visitors to do occasional bits of their "normal work" in between the meetings, and nobody will object to that.

It would be normal that "going to to Germany for the experience" could easily covered by the above legal activities. If your primary purpose is consultation, discussion and training, and your visit is only for a few weeks, then you should be fine. I and my colleagues have done this many times perfectly legally over the last 20 years.

Your company should be able to give you good advice. And it is important, when talking to immigration, to describe what you are doing as "meetings learning and discussion" and not "work".