What is the best method for exchanging dollars for Euros?

The cheapest way to exchange money is to use a dedicated currency trading house. Your bank / credit card company will usually certainly charge you about 2.5% on top of the exchange rate. I use XE Trade and pay half that. There are some credit cards with no extra fee, but they usually rely on an exchange rate that is fixed daily at something a little higher than the market rate.

I've never had a single problem with XE regardless of the method I used to move money — Draft, Wire, ACH, bill payment through online banking, etc. It was free and pretty simple to sign up, all online — and besides the standard info all they required was for me to upload a scan of a bank statement.

The one problem is that it's easiest to have the converted money deposited in a bank account. If you don't have one in Euros then you'll need to get a bank draft (money order) and get it turned into cash when you're in Europe. You could also get it wired to something like Western Union but that has its own problems. There's a separate fee for both of these options, so it won't be worth it if you're only trading a small amount of money.

In short, I would recommend Joel's answer unless you have a bank account in Euros, in which case you should use XE or another service via ACH or EFT (no fee, delay of a couple days before your money is deposited). You could probably get an account on your first visit, depending on the particular country's laws or bank's rules about foreign account holders.

I asked this question earlier and it would seem that the consensus is exchange some money before you go and take it with you, and then get the rest from ATM's while in the country.

Converting from a common currency (call it COM) to an obscure one (OBS) is typically more favourable in the OBS country -- if the demand for OBS is low in the COM country, then the exchange rates would be typically higher. As to how much higher -- as a typical example, I've been charged around 15-20% premium on top of official exchange rate for e.g. SEK in my country, while exchanging my COM currency in Sweden yielded much better rate.

For currencies as common as EUR and USD, I don't think you'd find much difference between Europe and USA, and whatever difference there is would be eliminated by day-to-day fluctuations and exchange bureaus' policies. Such price differences are precluded by market forces -- if there exists a sufficiently favourable exchange rate between currencies in one country, bulk buyers and sellers would be quick to exploit the difference, bringing the rate back to balance.

Still, it's probably better to exchange in Germany. UK is probably the worst choice, as most places would probably exchange to and between GBP and the double conversion is going to cost you extra.

Also of note is that large amounts of cash (equivalent to 10000 EUR or more) need to be declared to the customs when entering the EU. I'm sure similar legislation exists for USA (AFAIK the limit is 10000 USD, but don't quote me) and UK, consult local import and export legislation.

In some countries (Sweden and UK, for example), you can get out cash from certain retail store chains, like ICA.

For example, you'd buy some groceries worth say 250 SEK. When you are at the cash register, you can ask the attendant to charge your card 500 SEK, and give you the rest in cash. You are not going to be charged extra for this from the retailer. In essence, this works as an ATM with no transaction fees.

Note, however, that you can only do this for smallish amounts -- a few hundred SEK at the most (1 USD is around 7 SEK), but could be a life-saver if you only need a small amount in cash and it's not worth it to go to an ATM.

Then again, in Sweden you'd be hard pressed to find places that do not accept cards and operate only with cash.

If you are in the Europe and the UK for a while, you could also look at Transferwise.com which has a peer-to-peer exchange model that gives very good rates and very low commissions. Index Ventures, an investor in SE is also an investor.

I believe it depends from country to country, although using credit/debit cards from your bank is usually always the best method and most secure, overall.

I can give a tip for Prague, Czech Republic, don't go to street exchange office, never, it is a ripoff. And I mean, never! You will see dozens of rates on the board in the front just to confuse you, and you will get the worst rate which is usually 25-30% lower than the rate you might expected as seen on xe.com or somewhere.

However, in my country and capital (Belgrade, Serbia) exchnage offices are the best places to change the currency. There are only two columns (for buying and selling) and WYSIWYG so you can easily calculate how much money you will get, and for larger amounts you can even get better rate. You will get less money in the domestic banks.

You can also use alternative systems as WeSwap

This allow you to swap between 18 currencies (as December 2016). You just have to credit your account with your currency (ie USD) and ask to swap in the currecncy you'd like (ie EUR)

They only charge you 1% commission, and the currencies are swept at interbank rate.

You should check the conditions at your home bank for depositing foreign money. I know that banks often have favourable conditions. On two occasions I have checked out foreign currencies at my home bank — one of the services for their customers is that they can do this at zero cost. I have not checked whether the same applies for depositing money, but it is worth checking. Even if it's not for free, it's almost certainly better than exchanging at an airport.

So, my recommendation is to ask your own bank about the costs of depositing USD directly into your account.

The best method my family has found by far is for transferring currencies TransferWise.com. They are often cited on expat sites as the most affordable, they allow you to keep multiple currencies in your account, and the transfers in our case generally happen within one day. Of course the transfer time depends on the countries involved and when the transfer is placed.