When you go to Passport Control, what does the agent see about you? [closed]

After landing at a foreign airport you pretty much go straight to passport control, where an agent receives your passport, swipes it into a computer and then, perhaps after asking a few questions, lets you on your way, with whatever kind of visa you have (either previously received, or a visa-on-arrival). What kind of information does the passport control agent see about the traveller when she or he swipes the passport?

For example, do they see a list of your previous visits to that country, or all of your recent travel? Is the data, generally speaking, stored in your passport itself (e.g. one of the new ones which contain a fancy electronic chip), or in a database maintained by the country?

I am broadly interested in this question, but I can think of a few places in particular that might have interesting policies, due to their immigration and travel laws:

• The USA (since it is so difficult for foreigners to visit)
• The Schengen zone (since numerous countries are a part of the zone)
• Israel (as they frequently question, heavily, visitors who have travelled to certain Arab countries such as Syria)