When travelling internationally with valuable personal effects, how do I avoid paying duty at each border crossing?
Some people travel internationally with valuable personal effects. The most obvious example is photography equipment which could easily be valued over $15k. Jewelry, watches, and specialized medical or sports equipment (think expensive bicycle) also seem likely expensive personal effects that people might travel with.
For most countries it seems that personal effects are not subject to duties (see also "Customs and Duties" of this answer). Of course, this depends on the customs official accepting your claim that the items you are importing are personal effects. If a customs official rejects your claim that they are, in fact, personal effects, it seems clear that you would have to pay duty on the items. While this seems uncommon, there are reasonably credible stories about travelers being charge import duties the personal items they are traveling with including this one about photographers returning to the USA and this one about a visitor to China's iPad.
How do I avoid being charged duty on my valuable personal effects when I cross a border?
This is probably one of those questions that will have a different answer for each country, so I've left it country-agnostic. I've found the answer for leaving and returning to the USA, but I really need an answer for traveling from Canada to Germany, Italy, France, Switzerland, and back to Canada via Germany.
Best Answer
Leaving and then Returning to the USA
According to this answer on photo.se.com, travelers leaving from and returning to the USA with valuable personal effects should fill out a CBP Form 4457 and get it signed at a CBP office prior to leaving the USA. As best I can make out, presenting a signed 4457 upon re-entry to the USA is considered proof that the goods listed on the 4457 are, in fact, your personal effects and exempt from duty.
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How do I reduce custom duty?
There are opportunities to reduce the impact of customs duties by analyzing areas such as:How much can you send to the US without paying duty?
Gifts You Mail Gifts worth up to $100 may be sent, free of duty and tax, to friends and relatives in the United States, as long as the same person does not receive more than $100 worth of gifts in a single day. If the gifts are mailed or shipped from an insular possession, this amount is increased to $200.How can I avoid custom duty at airport?
Give the form to the custom official at the gate before leaving the terminal. Make sure that you fill the declaration of your baggage accurately. Declare that you do not have value of foreign currency notes in excess of US $ 5000 or equivalent.How do I avoid customs fees in Canada?
Summary of How to Avoid Paying Custom FeesNothing to Declare (CANADA) | 120 Minutes Best Canada Border Compilation S03
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Answer 2
For professional equipment, there is an international procedure especially for this purpose, called an ATA carnet.
My understanding is that you might have to provide a deposit equivalent to the duties that would be due if you failed to leave the destination country in time, which could be quite a sum of money. The good thing is that you would get the money back at the end and you deal primarily with your own country's customs or chamber of commerce, not with remote authorities that might not even speak your language. It can also be easier and cheaper than the relevant national procedures, especially if you plan to cross several countries.
I have never actually used an ATA carnet myself, YMMV.
Answer 3
Entering and then Leaving the EU
As a foreigner, traveling through Europe, you have to observe the following:
Professional gear, such as samples, professional camera equipment, musical instruments or other commercial goods have to be declared.
You have to pass through the red exit ("Goods to declare") at the airport and fill out the required forms. If your camera gear is used solely privately, but very expensive, I would go and still fill out the forms since it makes sure you do not get into trouble when leaving the EU.
On top of this, if any of your goods are intended to remain in the EU, you have to do all the import proceedings. I assume this is not the case here, so I won't go further into that.
In general, the first country of arrival is important since there are no more customs checks when traveling from one EU country to another.
Once you return into your country of residence, no matter where that is, you have to make sure that you can prove that you did not buy the goods on your trip, otherwise you will have to pay VAT and customs duty for it.
Answer 4
Leaving and then Returning to Canada
According to the CBSA website you can register your items with a Form BSF407: Identification of Articles for Temporary Exportation which is a small green card. The registration is accomplished by taking the items to one of the CBSA Inland Offices prior to traveling. At the office, you list your items on the Form BSF407 and present the form and your items to a customs agent. The agent then stamps and signs the form. Then you take the form with you when you travel.
According the CBSA website, "If you are questioned about your goods when you return to Canada, show your card to the officer. This will help identify the valuables that were in your possession before leaving the country."
The inland CBSA officer told me that the the Form BSF407 would help convince a customs officer upon my return that the valuable were only temporarily exported from Canada. However, he also stated that it is the discretion of the customs officer at the re-import whether the BSF407 is sufficient to avoid duties.
On my last trip, I registered some camera equipment using a Form BSF407. So far, I have not had to use my Form BSF407 at any checkpoint. But I keep it with my camera equipment just in case.
Answer 5
Usually it'a best to check prior to leaving for the airport. At certain duty-free shops, the staff will be able to tell you what are the duty restrictions for the country that you are travelling to. This is especially so for liquor and cigarettes - with countries like Australia tightening their cigarette regulation, I would highly recommend heading to the duty-free shop at your destination.
Some countries like Singapore forbid tobacco products at customs. Drugs are also punishable by death in Singapore and most Asian countries, so ensure your pockets are clean before walking through customs. There is a chance that officers may carry out random checks, so don't count it on luck.
Sources: Stack Exchange - This article follows the attribution requirements of Stack Exchange and is licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0.
Images: Monstera, Karolina Grabowska, Monstera, Monstera