Recent experience with travel to Germany from outside the EU

Answering my own questions since I just returned from this trip. Maybe that helps someone in a similar situation.

As a German citizen (I'm dual), I can always enter the country even if I arrive from a "high incidence area" as the US has been classified by the Robert Koch Institut.

Yes. Germany has currently 4 country categories. "Safe", "risk area", "high incidence" and "virus variant". German citizen can enter from all of these EXCEPT "virus variant".

I need to provide a negative covid test that's less than 48 hours old to the airline before I'm allowed to board. The timing here is super tricky, and what I don't know:

That's 48 hours before the scheduled arrival. This got checked before boarding both the first US domestic leg and the transatlantic to Germany. It also got checked at least twice at arrival: once directly when getting off the plane and once again during immigration.

The good news: they do accept a rapid antigen test. Officially an antigen test is only acceptable if it meets certain criteria established by the WHO (World Health Organization) but no one seems to know what these requirements are, how they would be documented on a test report, and how to actually read & verify them.

According to https://www.gesetze-bayern.de/Content/Document/BayEQV/true I think I can be exempted from quarantine if there is an unavoidable business reason and you are in the country for less than 5 days. The "unavoidability" (zwingende Notwendigkeit) needs to be certified by the employer/client.

A free form letter is fine. We made something nice on company stationary but something less formal would have likely worked to. I doubt anyone read it, it's more a check box item.

You can only stay in a hotel if you certify that it's for business purposes and not for tourism. However, the check is trivial: you need to check and sign a form and no supporting documentation is required.

The main purpose for this letter is to get exemption from quarantine: that's been handled by the local health office (Gesundheitsamt). There is a lot of variability. The one in Ingolstadt was very responsive and clear. Another one in Berlin never replied back and they apparently don't care one way or another.

I will need some permits and notifications.

The only thing required is the travel registration "einreiseanmeldung", which they checked during both check ins and again when leaving the plane in Germany.

If you need exemption from quarantine, you need to directly negotiate with the local health office in your destination town.

1. Correct.
2. As your source in 3) states: 48 hours before entry to Germany (expected time of arrival)
3. Your source does not state that the unavoidability certification must be in a specific form. Assume that the employer / client in Germany would be preferred and preferably in German (but doesn't state this explicitly)
4. It should be filled out before leaving/boarding. You will recieve a PDF confirmation which must be shown at your port of departure and/or port of entry.

The local health authority will automatically be informed based on the address you gave in the form.

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