Why fly along a rhumb line?

Why fly along a rhumb line? - Black Wires Under Gray Sky

On April 4, 2012, El Al flight 4 from New York to Tel Aviv flew on an almost-a-rhumb-line route eastward rather than on the usual almost-a-great-circle line.

Why might an airline choose to have one of its airplanes do such a thing?



Best Answer

There's a number of reasons why a flight might fly a different route, with Weather on-route being the most common.

However for this specific flight, there's probably a far less common reason - Solar Flares!

You may recall that around the 2nd of April this year there were a number of major solar flares, which have the potential to impact a number of aspects of flight, including communications. As the impact of the flares is greater around the poles, for the few days following a large number of flights took more southerly routes, and a few flights that rely on taking a very northerly route were actually canceled as a result.

The more direct route results in using more fuel, but presuming that they had planned for that route they would have taken on extra fuel, and thus other than the potential for the flight time being increased there's no real impact due to the different route.

You can view the first part of the flight path this flight took, along with the full flight plan on FlightAware (Currently viewable without a FlightAware account, but by the time you view it you might need a free account if it's more than 2 weeks old)




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Why are rhumb lines important?

A Rhumb Line (also known as a loxodrome) is a line on the earth's surface that crosses all meridians at the same angle. It is used as the standard method of plotting a ship's course on a chart. This constant course or line of bearing appears as a straight line on a Mercator projection chart.

Is rhumb line the shortest distance?

However, a rhumb line is not the shortest distance between two points on a sphere. The shortest distance is called a great circle.

Why is a rhumb line longer than a great circle?

Rhumb lines are tracks with a constant track direction between two points on a sphere and therefore must be a longer distance than a great circle track.

Why great circle has a shorter distance than rhumb line in a long ocean passage?

Overall? Over a longer oceanic passage, it makes sense to travel on a Great Circle Circle than the Rhumb Line due to the extra time and energy involved.



Great Circles and Rhumb Lines - Types of Routes




More answers regarding why fly along a rhumb line?

Answer 2

Wikipedia has a thought on why this might occur:

Over longer distances and/or at higher latitudes the great circle route is significantly shorter than the rhumb line between the same two points. However the inconvenience of having to continuously change bearings while travelling a great circle route makes rhumb line navigation appealing in certain instances

Of course, with computer controlled flight, any such inconvenience vanishes.

So then we move to the Airlines.net forums:

Several years ago it was quite common for us to be offered a vector 3/4 of the way across the country during the climb out of the departure airport. Eventually flight ops sent out a memo telling us not to accept those clearances anymore because they were rhumb-line direct and actually were longer than the filed route.

However they then go on to say:

Of course current winds aloft must be considered and it does not take much wind to wipe out the difference between great circle and some other logical routing.

So possibly due to prevailing winds, it made less sense to use a great circle line, and to use another nearly-as-convenient method of plotting course, and in this case went for a rhumb-line track?

Naturally without actually asking the airline, we'll never know in your flight's case, but these are some of the possible reasons.

Either that, or perhaps the pilot wanted to test it for a software reason. Or possibly they knew the software was having problems with great circle paths. I can think of a few other 'pettier' reasons, but again, we'd just be guessing.

Sources: Stack Exchange - This article follows the attribution requirements of Stack Exchange and is licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0.

Images: ROMAN ODINTSOV, Bence Szemerey, Plato Terentev, Antonio Prado