What techniques, tricks or otherwise have you used to get upgrades on flights?

Courtesy! In my experience, simply being courteous to those behind the check-in counter (and the baggage handling staff, too) helps a great deal. Most airline staff is perennially overworked, and dealing with grouchy passengers doesn't help their cause. I have gotten upgraded (not only in traveling class, but also with excess baggage) a few times, by just being courteous. My wife says it may be my smile - LOL!

Also, upgrades are RARELY granted within the US - most airlines have a strict policy of charging - and with many takers, it is highly unlikely that they will upgrade for free... or may be the famed smile doesn't work too well in the country ;)

Bottom line - pleasantness makes lives much easier, on both sides of the check-in counter. Try it on your next flight, and you may be rewarded :)

The #1 rule of upgrades is to not believe most of what is said and written about them. There may have been a time (decades ago) when upgrades were at the discretion of the gate or flight crew, and being pleasant and well-dressed might work. These days, some airlines don't even have a premium cabin, and those that do have strict rules about upgrades.

There are three main types of upgrade: advance (confirmed), pre-departure paid, and operational. Advance upgrades are confirmed (you have the upgrade for sure) in advance of the flight check-in time. Pre-departure paid are offered by the airline on-line or at the airport, generally within 24 hours of the flight. Operational upgrades are done by the airline when needed for operational reasons, usually because the cabin is oversold.

For most flights, upgrades can be confirmed before the flight using cash (pay the higher fare), miles, or an upgrade instrument. You earn the miles or upgrade instrument by flying a lot with the airline, using an affiliated credit card, transfer or reciprocity with a hotel or other airline program, etc. For domestic flights, most U.S. airlines offer complimentary (completely free) space-available advance upgrades to their high-status flyers (those who fly a lot), although the rules vary from airline to airline. Few airlines offer any sort of complimentary upgrade for international flights.

Pre-departure paid upgrades are offered by some airlines either when the premium cabin has a lot of empty seats, or when the cabin you booked is oversold. Some airlines offer these upgrades on-line, often at 24 hours before the flight. Some offer them at the airport, either at a kiosk or at the check-in or gate agent. Some airlines post signs or make announcements informing passengers that these upgrades are available and indicating the cost, while others will offer them if asked but won't announce them. The cost is usually fixed based on several flight distance bands (e.g., up to 500 miles, 500-2999 miles, 3000 miles and over).

Operational upgrades are done by airlines when they need to for operational reasons, which is usually because the cabin is oversold but a higher cabin has empty seats. Most airlines have detailed and specific rules for how passengers are selected for operational upgrades, which usually are based on frequent-flyer status, if they are connecting or not, if they were previously subject to a delayed, cancelled, or other problem flight, etc. In some cases, a multi-cabin airplane may need a multi-cabin "roll," where passengers might be moved from business to first, from premium economy to business, and from coach to premium economy, to accommodate all passengers needing to be on the plane.

Some airlines sell "last minute upgrades". For example Air Canada does this on almost every flight. At first it seemed to be about $100/hr - $500 for a 5 hour flight, for example - but I think it is somewhat less than that now. Depending on whether you think that's a good deal, you could choose either an airline that offers LMU (so you can have a chance to buy one) or an airline that doesn't (to increase your chances of being given one).

I used to get upgraded (by using certificates issued to me, or just because they chose to) a lot, and it really didn't matter whether I asked or not (except for a cert you need to ask once to get on the list), was pleasant to the gate agent or not, how I was dressed, whether I checked in early or late, etc. I do checkin online at the earliest moment, and I do ask about my upgrade in the lounge, and those things I believe do help for certificate upgrades. But op-ups are pretty random.

In fact my most memorable upgrade started out like one of those "horrible gate experience" stories. I was flying to either a funeral or a deathbed visit (and if you think it's impossible not to remember which, then you have been luckier than me - had a year long stretch which was rich in both and most of it is a blur) and was alone and upset. As I handed over my boarding card for like 12A or 14A or some other good window seat in economy, carefully achieved through online checkin or some other conscientious "skilled flyer" technique, plus my status, the GA frowned and said "no wait, I moved you." I breathed in to either scream at her or burst into tears. It really could have gone either way. I have to get on another plane to go say goodbye to somebody else I've lost, this whole thing sucks beyond belief and now I don't even get the seat I booked? How dare you! In that pause while my brain tried to decide which way to go she continued "I had to put a family together" which just made me even angrier since I didn't have my family with me and how dare those selfish people not pay for seat selection or earn status or check in online or the various things you can do to get your seats together and now I'm in a damn middle seat in row like 700 and what the hell else is going to go wrong and again I was too upset to figure out just which thing to say to her first and it's just not fair and she hands me a boarding pass for 4A and - oh ok, thanks! There's no way anything I said or did got me that upgrade. Perhaps an angel on my shoulder.

Upgrades in general seem to be less frequent these days, perhaps with the recovery people are buying business, or buying those LMUs, so I just assume I will never get one again and then at least I'm not disappointed. :-)

I never managed to get upgraded myself, but my supervisor's technique is as follows:

He always tries to fly with one airline, collects miles and has the highest possible frequent flyer status. He arrives quite early for check-in and goes to the Business Class/frequent flyer desk, and there he just asks if it's possible to get upgraded. It seems to work quite well for him. Once he was traveling with another student (who didn't have any frequent flyer status) and both of them got upgraded.

Bonus tip - on a flight two weeks ago from Los Angeles to Auckland, I was stuck in the 2nd to last row, in the middle between two big military folk. I was not looking forward to this. I'd tried at check-in and at the gate for an aisle seat, but no luck.

However, on board I kept my eyes open and noticed the guy next to me had a buddy a row ahead. This was plan A - ask if they wanted to swap to sit next to another - either way I'd end up with an aisle.

However, as it happened, I had even better luck - the steward asked 'ok who here is together?' and I very quickly said 'I'm alone'. Lo and behold, he moved me to the exit row, with leg-room galore and just oodles more comfort.

Result: a much happier Mark. Not a class upgrade, but compared to the original seat, it almost counts as one!

Check in early!

I've been upgraded only once, LAX to Cincinnati. It was a night flight and overbooked, so it was quite nice to get a nicer seat to sleep in.

I did not have a frequent flyer deal with the airline nor did I pay or give anybody anything. I also don't fly that much either. The reason I think I was chosen for the upgrade is because I checked in very early and to me it seemed like they were using the ordered list of check ins to determine who to upgrade.

In this case I had a connecting flight from San Francisco with a several hours stop over in LAX, so rather than wait until 30 minutes before take off, check in right away.

One way that worked for me was when the airline was overbooked, and needed volunteers to take a later flight. It turned out that there was one no show in business class, so they gave my seat to a standby, and gave me the business class seat.

Being 6'4" on a Japanese airline.

I was checking in on a partially empty daytime JAL flight from Sydney to Tokyo and they upgraded me to the exit row for free, even though I initially expressed my concern about understanding Japanese in an emergency. No techniques or tricks, just "otherwise"!

It's possible that checking in early helped, though. JAL only allows you to book ordinary seats, and you can only upgrade on the day.

As Gagravarr says, having elite status with an airline can sometimes lead to upgrades due to overbooking.

However, as well as offering to pay cash, some airlines will allow elite status members to upgrade in other ways. For example, I have Executive Platinum status with American Airlines. They give me 8 free 'Systemwide' upgrades a year to spend on whichever flights I wish, including longhaul international ones (as long as the space is free in Business/First, which normally means you are in a waitlist until about 24 hours beforehand). Alternatively, you can pay for upgrades with airmiles, cash, or a combination of both, depending on the class of ticket.

This, combined with occasional "complimentary" (involuntary in airline terminology) upgrades due to overbooking can mean upgrades are very frequent once you reach the higher levels of status.

You can always try and give the flight crew something as a token of appreciation. This is usually something with chocolates (as this is easy to divide among the personnel), but that is definitely not necessary. You should never automatically expect something in return though, but it sure might help!

Here's an article with some tips:

10 tips for thanking flight crews with chocolate

Ask for it. Don't be shifty. Don't be sneaky. Don't be shady. Ask them if they have the extra seats to upgrade you.

If you don't complicate things, you don't run a chance of making the situation awkward, if you are not awkward you are confident, and if you are confident you can run your charm on the person behind the desk for something that isn't even morally incorrect (and shouldn't therefore require 'gifts' like chocolates or whatever.)

I noticed that when you are the last passenger boarding a Ryanair plane in the front, then they sometimes let you sit on reserved seats, which normally cost extra. That means more space due to no or less neighbors, and if you are really lucky, even for your legs (front row). Why Ryanair is doing that? I have two assumptions:

1. They want to speed up the boarding process.

2. They want to have someone young (well, that's relative ;-) to help in case of an emergency. In fact, when I was recently seated in the front row, the stewardess explicitly asked my neighbors and me if we are willing to help in such a case.

Moving to put a couple closer together

During a domestic Qantas flight, a woman sitting opposite me was clearly stressed (turned out she was afraid of flying), and her husband was a row behind her.

I offered to move so her husband could sit opposite her. I had to sit in the back row while taking off, but after take-off I was able to sit in the emergency exit row.