What are the consequences of a small damage on a rented car? [closed]

What are the typical consequences for a car renter (the one who rents the car) when the car was slightly damaged (upon return, renter's fault)?

I am looking at two typical cases:

• the small scratch (the type that renters are informed of when renting a car, but which you are now the author of)
• the larger bump you do not usually see on rented cars (the kind of "safe" bumps, a large scratch or someone slammed his door into yours)

I am aware that this will vary among the car rental companies (I have in mind the large ones like Avis or Hertz), the extend of the damage, your contracts,... I also nevertheless assume that there could be some kind of consensus (or experience) since I sometimes do get cars with small scratches.