Miles accrual comparisons [closed]

I am a Brazilian living in the US, and I (mostly my wife) travel regularly to Florida from Seattle, and sometimes I also fly to Brazil. I have some frequent flier numbers from Brazilian airlines, especially TudoAzul (which can be used for United flights) and Avianca Amigo (Star Alliance, also can be used in United flights). I have also AAdvantage (and TAM Multiplus) and Delta, so I'm covered on the three aliances.

Now, I am trying to find out the best program to use to earn miles on my next flight to Brazil. It's an United flight, with codeshare in Brazil with Avianca and TAM. Its cost was $850.

Now, I have several questions regarding several issues.

Will I earn miles for the code share flights or only the United ones?
From what I see here, if I earn full miles, I will earn 4250 (5 times base fare) miles on MileagePlus. From TudoAzul rules, I will earn ~10000 miles from the United segments alone (T fare: 75% of 13830 flown miles SEA-IAH-GRU-IAD-SEA, not counting the GRU-FLN-GRU segments in Brazil). United domestic tickets will usually sell by 15k miles on Azul and 12.5k (promotional) on United. All these things make me want to earn miles on TudoAzul instead of MileagePlus. However, I am not certain about the rules. Is there any website or app where I can simulate all these scenarios or at least read a lot of things and learn how to simulate them myself?
If I don't earn miles for the codeshare segments, can I provide my Amigo/MileagePlus and Multiplus/AAdvantage respectively to Avianca Brasil and TAM upon checking in to accrue miles with them?

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How do I keep miles and miles from expiring?

Award miles can be protected from expiry through status membership, a Miles & More Credit Card and by using the Miles & More partner Loylogic. Award miles do not expire for the duration their status for members who have reached Frequent Traveller, Senator or HON Circle Member status.

Do Status miles expire?

Achieving a frequent flyer status with status miles You earn status miles to achieve a frequent flyer status. You cannot redeem them for awards. You will become a Frequent Traveller when you earn at least 35,000 status miles per calendar year. This status is valid for two years.

Do you get your miles back if you cancel?

When canceling a flight that was purchased using miles, most airlines do not charge a cancellation fee. It is generally free to get your miles reinstated and even the taxes and fees you paid will usually be refunded.

How long are Miles and More Award miles valid?

How long are my Miles & More award miles valid? Award miles are valid for 36 months from the date of the activity and, unless they have been used, expire at the end of the quarter.

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