Holidays in Brazil without Portuguese

I managed to get around just fine when I moved there. English is more widely spoken in the larger cities than in smaller towns. Spanish is spoken some near the western borders. But in any case, a large smile and gestures along with using a phrase book will get you a very long way.

This question has had an accepted answer but considering that I just spent a month in Brazil, I think I can add a fresh perspective. Before going to Brazil, I spoke 5 languages, Spanish being one of them but not Portuguese.

Spanish is extremely helpful all over Brazil. When reading signs and texts, with Spanish one can get the gist, if not fully understand, at least 70% of Portuguese. Many words are pronounced completely differently even though they are written exactly the same way as in Spanish. Verb conjugation is not the same but most infinitives are, so you can at least know which verb by looking at the root of the verb, except for irregular ones. So if you cannot understand what is being said, ask for it to be written.

Between Rio de Janeiro and Salvador de Bahia, English is widely understood by people who work in the tourist trade such as hotels and restaurants. Brazilians are very kind and friendly people, so you can ask one to write you something in Portuguese to show the next one. For example, taxi drivers do no speak much English but if you have your the name of the hotel where you are going written down it is easy to go somewhere and back. If you know Spanish, you can often ask things in Spanish or, as I did, a few words of Portuguese that I picked up, mixed with Spanish ones.

North of Salvador, English becomes nearly useless and it is best to pick up as much Portuguese as you can and fill the gaps with Spanish. As I said, many words are identical or very similar any way. The further north you go, the more Portuguese you have to rely on. Since you know some Spanish, the biggest hurdle is pronunciation which I found terribly complicated because vowel sounds are often different depending on the position of the letter in the word. What is nice is that most Brazilians make sure you understand before moving on and they will try several times before giving up. Often when it was not clear that I understood their instructions, they would walk with me for several blocks until I got where I wanted to go. Again, they are some of the most friendly people I have ever met. It gets even better the further out from the big cities. I reach Recife on the main land and Fernando de Noronha where people gave me lifts, helped me found my way and told me countless stories about different parts of Brazil.

By the end of the month I had caught enough Portuguese that when I went to Portugal right after and did the entire immigration interview in Portuguese, the officer exclaimed "Você fala português!" which means "You speak Portuguese!". The main point is that, Brazilians are very social and if you listen, they will give you a great opportunity to catch the language. This is generally not the case.

Spanish and Portuguese are very similar.

I'd say it is more or less possible to cummunicate if one person speaks only Portuguese and the other only Spanish. I tried it and it worked out surprisingly good.