Help Understanding RV Towing Weights
I'm looking for help understanding the towing weights in regards to travel trailers (RVs). We have a Dodge Caravan. The towing specs in the manual say 3350lbs + 3-5 people +50lbs luggage ea. We have a family of 5, so we fit in this category.
We are looking at hybrid travel trailers which average a 'Dry Weight' or Unloaded weight between 2,200-3,000 lbs.
I am wondering, how much below the van's towing capacity should I stay when buying a trailer? Ie, how many lbs of gear is on average, loaded in a trailer per person? Is there a rule of thumb for how far under your towing capacity your trailer should be?
(Thank you kindly... trailer newbie here, getting our family's first camper. PPS- not sure if this is the best StackExchange for this?)
Best Answer
The manual is rather less than helpful here. There are five weight limits you need to keep track of when judging if you can safely tow something, and the manual only lists one of them.
- Gross Combined Weight Rating (GCWR): This is the total weight of everything: the tow vehicle and its cargo, plus the trailer and its cargo.
- Gross Vehicle Weight Rating (GVWR) for the tow vehicle: This is the total weight of the tow vehicle and its cargo, plus the Tongue Weight of the trailer. This can be divided into front-axle and rear-axle weight ratings.
- Gross Vehicle Weight Rating (GVWR) for the trailer: This is the total weight of the trailer and its cargo.
- Tow Capacity: This is the trailer GVWR that the tow vehicle can safely pull.
- Tongue Weight (also known as Hitch Weight): This is the portion of the trailer's weight that is carried by the hitch, rather than by the trailer's tires.
Your manual gives you #4 (Tow Capacity), and a hint at #2 (GVWR). Since a Dodge Caravan isn't designed as a tow vehicle, GCWR (#1) is probably simply the sum of the two. Similarly, the Caravan probably has identical front and rear axle weight ratings. You can probably find the trailer GVWR on a capacity plate somewhere on the trailer's frame or near the door, or in the manual. This leaves tongue weight.
Tongue weight is probably the hardest part of balancing a tow setup. If it's too high, it'll unload the tow vehicle's front axle, causing a loss of steering control. If it's too low, the tow vehicle will have limited ability to control the trailer's motion. Even if it's just right, it can overload the tow vehicle's rear axle, collapsing the suspension, giving a rough and possibly badly-controlled ride.
For American towing setups, the tongue weight should be between 10% and 15% of the trailer's weight; if this would overload the tow vehicle's rear axle or unload the front axle, you need a weight-distributing hitch (or a bigger tow vehicle). European towing setups generally go with a much lower tongue weight.
The rule of thumb for capacity is that the further under the limits you are, the better the vehicle's performance will be. For something that isn't designed as a tow vehicle, I'd try to stay under about 2/3 of the GCWR.
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How is RV towing capacity calculated?
Tow Rating Weight is calculated by adding the RV's Gross Vehicle Weight with the weights of passengers, liquids or cargo in your vehicle.How do you calculate towing weight?
To find your truck's towing capacity, subtract your truck's curb weight from its Gross Combined Vehicle Weight Rating (GCVWR). The GCVWR is the maximum weight of your loaded truck and the weight of its attached trailer.How do you distribute weight when towing?
Heavier items should be loaded in the front, with lighter, smaller items placed near the rear. If you are towing a closed trailer, the lighter, smaller items should be placed near the top of the trailer in the rear. For an open trailer, smaller items shouldn't be loaded above the height of the sides of the trailer box.What is the difference between dry weight and GVWR?
Dry Weight vs GVWRDry weight is a measurement of the vehicle's total weight without any of the fluids needed for operation. In contrast, GVWR is a weight limit prescribed by the vehicle manufacturer that dictates how heavy the vehicle can safely be.Sources: Stack Exchange - This article follows the attribution requirements of Stack Exchange and is licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0.
Images: SHVETS production, Julia Larson, SHVETS production, Julia Larson