Does a "Visa on Departure" exist?
In this TSE question, the question discusses travelling from Norway to Sweden (presumably by air) and says:
I assume that I can take a few days trip to Sweden on a temporary traveler's visa, would I apply at the airport before I fly to Sweden?
Now, ignoring the fact that Sweden and Noway are part of a shared travel area, does such a type of visa (that the best description I can think of) being a "visa on departure" exist? That is, a visa that is applied for (and granted) at the airport before boarding or checking in for a flight to the visa issuing country?
I am only familiar with visas applied to through an embassy (or similar body/contractor), visas on arrival (ie, on landing in the issuing country) and eVisas - so visas applied for over the Internet. I am aware that airlines will sometimes assist travellers applying for psuedovisas like ESTA and eTA at the airport, but that's not the intended use case. I am asking for where it is expected (or at least allowed) for visas to be applied for (and awarded) immediatley before departure.
Best Answer
That is, a visa that is applied for (and granted) at the airport before boarding or checking in for a flight to the visa issuing country?
Not a visa per se, but there are examples of pre-authorization that is required for exiting a country.
In India and Pakistan (perhaps others, I know personally of these two countries) in addition to a normal visa, you also need a "cleared to leave" stamp which is given only at the airport by the immigration department. If you do not have this stamp, then you are not allowed to depart for the UAE - note, this is specifically for the UAE.
In Kuwait and other GCC countries, there is a specific "exit permit" which is a permission to exit the country; but this is to exit to any country and not just a specific country. It is given at the airport.
There is also a specific "exit visa" which is given for expats in Kuwait that allows them to finalize their formalities / documentation before exiting the country permanently.
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Answer 2
When flying from Mexico to Cuba, I bought my Cuban visa in the Cancún airport. The visa was "approved" by virtue of being paid for, but I still went through the normal immigration process in Havana, and presumably could have been denied entry at that time.
This sounds like it meets your criteria for visa on departure, but as the visa process was quite lax, it's functionality more like a simple entry fee, which can be paid for "anywhere".
Answer 3
In order to have a 'visa on departure' the destination country would need to have staff or a sub-contracter at every airport with the service offered. And the costs for such would be high and would only be cost effective at airport with high volume to the destination.
The USA has CBP agents at a few global airports handling pre-clearance for flights to the USA. But that is only offered at a handful of the numerous international airports with direct flights to US airports.
Visas on Arrival sometimes take time for all to be processed, which is not a huge inconvenience to flight operations. But processing visa requests before a flight could either delay departure or cause folks to miss their flight.
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