Can I apply for a US visa under a different citizenship than I did the last time?

Asking this out of sheer curiosity for now. I am facing the prospect of acquiring a second citizenship, and while researching the benefits of that decision I bumped into something interesting. For my current citizenship, the US issues B1/B2 visas with a maximum validity period of 3 years (2 years in most cases). Obviously, this doesn't feel great, especially considering some African countries get 5 or even 10 years, and we only get 3. However, for the citizenship I seek to acquire, the maximum validity would actually be 10 years! The question is, can I legally do this? Is it ok for me to apply for a visa as a citizen of another country, if I have previously had 2 visas issued under my current citizenship? I do not intend to renounce my current citizenship, if that matters at all. Will I face a higher chance of refusal?